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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: Anti-inflammatory effects of astroglial α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and activation of the Nrf2 pathway

Fig. 2

α7 nAchR activation reduced LPS-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in astrocytes. a Pretreatment with GTS21 (α7 nAchR agonist) for 1 h resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in both IL-6 and TNF-α secretion as compared to LPS treated alone for 24 h, *p < 0.05 compared with LPS (60 ng/ml) treatment (one-way ANOVA with adjustment for multiple comparisons using Dunnett’s test). Error bars represent SD (n = 4). b Pretreating the cultured astrocytes for 1 h with 1 μm α7 nAchR antagonist (MLA) resulted in blockage of anti-inflammatory response of 20 μm GTS21, as measured by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in astrocytes treated with LPS for 24 h. *p < 0.05 compared with LPS 60 ng/ml treatment, # p < 0.05 compared to respective agonist treatment alone (both using one-way ANOVA with adjustment for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s test). Error bars represent SD (n = 4). c Knocking down α7 nAchR expression with lenti short hairpin RNA in astrocytes resulted ~ 75% gene knockdown, which significantly blocked the anti-inflammatory response of GTS21 (30 μm) in astrocytes treated with LPS for 24 h. Error bars represent SD (n = 2)

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