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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Inflammation: the link between comorbidities, genetics, and Alzheimer’s disease

Fig. 5

Inflammation uniquely affects each of the hallmarks of AD. Each hallmark of AD has a unique relationship with inflammation, whereby it can both be triggered by and trigger inflammation. Aβ plaques activate microglia and trigger their pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, which can cause increased Aβ production. Tau phosphorylation can be caused by the production of Aβ plaques, as well as by increased inflammatory signaling. Tau hyperphosphorylation and tangles can also lead to increased inflammation. Finally, neurodegeneration can be caused by an excessive microglial response, while neuronal debris from neurodegeneration can lead to further stimulation of microglia

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