Fig. 6

Proinflammatory cytokines were increased in the cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD mice and APN^−/−5xFAD mice. ELISA assays of TNFα and IL-1β in cortical (a, b) and hippocampal (c, d) homogenates of WT mice, APN^−/− mice, 5xFAD mice, and APN^−/−5xFAD mice at 9 months old. Data were presented as the mean ± SEM for WT mice (n = 5–6), 5xFAD mice (n = 6), APN^−/− mice (n = 6), and APN^−/−5xFAD mice (n = 6). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test revealed a difference between groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ns, statistically not significant