The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration

Table 1 Plasma endotoxin levels in different conditions and endotoxin levels causing various effects

Condition	Endotoxin level	Ref:
Healthy humans	10 ± 20 pg/ml	[7, 8]
Atherosclerosis	30 pg/ml	[8]
Peridonitis	45 pg/ml	[9]
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	45 pg/ml	[10]
Liver cirrhosis	60 pg/ml	[11]
Alzheimer’s disease	60 pg/ml	[10]
HIV infection/AIDS	70 pg/ml	[12]
Sepsis	500 pg/ml	[13]
Monocyte and endothelial activation	10 pg/ml (added to isolated blood)	[14]
Microglial activation, blood cytokines and sickness behaviour	1 ng/kg (~ 15 pg/ml, iv injected)	[15]

ISSN: 1742-2094