Fig. 9

The effects of Tβ4 intervention and inflammatory pathway inhibition on mice learning and memory performance. Diagrams of a open field test, d novel object recognition test, f Y maze test and h Morris water maze test. b, c The total distance and average speed in each group. e The percentage of NORT recognition index were recorded to test the recognition memory. f The alteration triplet was recorded to test space working memory. i Escape latency during the training days. j Escape latency in the test day were recorded to assess spatial memory. Representative maps for linear (k) and marginal (l) exploring strategy. The data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 11–12/group). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs WT mice; **p < 0.01 vs APP/PS1 mice