Fig. 2

Microglial activation in EAE Smek1 heterozygotes. a, b IBA1 and IL-1β immunofluorescent staining (a) and quantification of IBA1⁺ IL-1β⁺ cells (b) of white matter from EAE mice sacrificed at 18 days postimmunization (scale bar, 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from 5 samples in each group and were analyzed by the two-sided unpaired t test. c, d IBA1 and IL-1β immunofluorescent staining (c) and quantification of IBA1⁺ IL-1β⁺ cells (d) of cortex tissue from EAE mice sacrificed at 18 days postimmunization (scale bar, 50 μm). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from 5 samples in each group and were analyzed by the two-sided unpaired t test. e ELISA of the total IL-1β level in total brain tissue from EAE mice sacrificed at 18 days postimmunization (n = 4 in wild-type, n = 6 in Smek1^-/+ mice). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM and were analyzed by the two-sided unpaired t test. f qPCR of the mRNA expression of IL-1β in EAE total brain tissue (n = 7 in both groups). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM and were analyzed by the two-sided unpaired t test; *P < 0.05. g qPCR of the mRNA level of IL-1β detected in an LPS-treated human microglial cell line (HMO6). Data are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed by the two-sided unpaired t test; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001