Figure 4

Glial activation in lumbar spinal cord following L5 SNL. At day 14 following L5 SNL, the lumbar region of the spinal cord was harvested and incubated with antibodies against Iba-1 and GFAP. Both (A) Iba-1 and (B) GFAP immunoreactivity is consistently elevated in the ipsilateral side of the dorsal horn compared to contralateral within each group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3–5 sections per mouse, with 3–4 mice/group) and analyzed via 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. No differences were found across mouse strains. Representative stained images are presented from C57BL/6 mice with (C) Iba-1 and (D) GFAP staining and from Tlr4 ^-/- mice with (E) Iba-1 and (F) GFAP staining.