Fig. 1

IL-33 and ST2 expression in the brain after LPS stimulation. I.c.v. LPS injection, used as a standard neuroinflammation model, resulted in a significant increase in inflammatory cytokines in WT mice. IL-33 (a, b) and TNF-α (c, d) expression and concentrations in the brains of WT mice were detected via real-time quantitative PCR (a, c) and ELISA (b, d) at 4, 8, and 12 h after LPS injection. e ST2 expression in the brains of WT mice was measured by western blot analysis (n = 2). The results in a−d are presented as the mean ± SEM and are representative of three independent experiments, n ≥ 5 mice for all treatment groups; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared to the untreated group (0 h)