Fig. 2

GRb1 reverses the effects of CMS on microglial phenotype and cytokine profile in mice. (A, B) Iba1⁺ cells in hippocampus and cortex were quantified by immunofluorescence. Microglial morphology was quantified by cell density (C), cell area (D), the number of processes per cell (E), and total length of processes per cell (F) (n = 6 mice/group). (G) Levels of releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) from microglia in hippocampus. (H) Levels of releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, Arg-1) from microglia in hippocampus (n = 5 mice/group). (I, J) Changes in levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in cortex (n = 5 mice/group). Scale bars, 50 μm (upper row in each panel), 10 μm (lower row in each panel). The statistical results are shown in Table S3. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001