Endothelial glycocalyx in traumatic brain injury associated coagulopathy: potential mechanisms and impact

Table 2 Shaddases of EG and the studies in TBI

Candidate sheddases	EG components	Studies in TBI
MMPs
MMP-1	Syndecan-1,HS	Neuroinflammation
MMP-2	Syndecan-1,-2,CS	BBB dysfunction, neuroinflammation, apoptosis
MMP-7	Syndecan-1,-2,CS	Neuroinflammation
MMP-9	Syndecan-1,-2,CS	BBB dysfunction, neuroinflammation, apoptosis
MMP-14(MT1-MMP)	Syndecan-1
MMP-16(MT3-MMP)	Syndecan-1
ADAMs
ADAM-10	EMCN	Poor synaptic recovery
ADAM-15	CD44
ADAM-17	Syndecan-1,-4, EMCN	Neuroinflammation, neural progenitor cell migration, neurogenesis
ADAMTSs
ADAMTS-1	Syndecan-4	Neuroinflammation
ADAMTS-4	Syndecan-4	Neuroinflammation
Heparanase	HS
Hyaluronidase	HA	BBB dysfunction, behavioral decrements, neuroinflammation
Thrombin	Syndecan-1,-4	BBB dysfunction, apoptosis, cerebral ischemia, excitotoxicity
Plasmin	Syndecan-4	Cerebral hemorrhage, inflammation, coagulopathy
Elastase	Syndecan-1,-4	Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis
Lysosomal cathepsin B	Syndecan-1, HS	Neuroinflammation, apoptosis, neurodegeneration
Tryptase β	Syndecan-1, HS	Neuroinflammation, apoptosis

EG endothelial glycocalyx, TBI traumatic brain injury, MMPs matrix metalloproteinases, MT-MMP membrane-bound MMP, ADAMs a disintegrins and metalloproteinases, ADAMTS a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs, HS heparin sulfate, HA hyaluronic acid, CS chondroitin sulfate, EMCN endomucin, CTF C-terminal fragments

ISSN: 1742-2094