Fig. 1

JEV infection of hBMECs. A hBMECs were infected with JEV P3 at MOIs of 0.1, 1, and 5. At 12 and 36 h post-infection (hpi), JEV-E was detected by indirect immunofluorescence (green), and nuclei are shown by Hoechst (blue) staining. B, C JEV RNA levels were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) (B), and the titers were determined by PFU assay (C). D Vero or hBMECs were infected with JEV P3 for 72 h and then costained with calcein-AM (green [live cells])/propidium iodide (red [dead cells]) for another 45 min. Images were captured by fluorescence microscopy. E hBMECs were infected with JEV P3 for 72 h, and then cell viability was analyzed by CCK8 assay. Data are represented as the mean values ± SEMs from three independent experiments. ****p < 0.0001; ns: not significant