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Fig. 5 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 5

From: Voltammetry in the spleen assesses real-time immunomodulatory norepinephrine release elicited by autonomic neurostimulation

Fig. 5

NE voltammetry signal during splenic nerve stimulation (SpNS) is predictive of subsequent TNF suppression in LPS endotoxemia. a Schematic representation of experimental timeline. Mice were anesthetized and instrumented with voltammetry electrodes. SpNS was delivered for 3 min (300–500 µA, 500 μs, 10 Hz) while performing voltammetry for 10 min to capture full signal. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected 2 h after SpNS and blood was collected 90 min post-LPS injection. b Plasma TNF levels 90 min post-LPS injection from animals that received SpNS compared with sham stimulated animals. Data presented as mean ± SEM, p by unpaired t test. c Qo values, measured during SpNS vs. levels of TNF in plasma, measured 90 min after LPS injection, in the same animals. Line represents second-order power fit; p by Spearman’s correlation

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