Fig. 3

Nisin attenuates the burden of periodontal pathogens in the brain following oral polymicrobial infection. DNA was isolated and purified from the brain samples of four groups (Control, Infection, Nisin and Infection + nisin). The bacteria were quantified by standard real-time PCR using primers corresponding to 16S ribosomal RNA. A The table demonstrates the detection frequency (%) of periodontal pathogens in all collected brain samples. The copy numbers of each pathogen B P. gingivalis, C T.forsythia, and D F. nucleatum) were detected in every 100 ng DNA. *, the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05), ns, the difference between the two groups was non-significant. E The copy number of each pathogen shown in aggregate for comparisons of relative levels