Fig. 1

Overview of culture models for iPSC-microglia and iPSC-astrocytes. A In recent years, numerous protocols have been developed to differentiate iPSC to microglia and astrocytes, of which a selected number is mentioned here. B PSC-derived cell conditioned media has been used to investigate its effect on other CNS cell types. Here we list all the studies mentioned in the review. C iPSC-derived CNS cells can also be studied in co-cultures of two or three different cell types. D Several strategies for the generation of 3D neural organoids have been established and a number of representative protocols are highlighted here. E Recently, methods to transplant human pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia and astrocytes into rodent brains have been established. The lists of protocols mentioned in this figure are not exhaustive