Fig. 5

APP overexpression alters the gut microbiome at 12 wk of age with the onset of amyloid pathology. Analysis of gut microbiome from stool samples collected at 12 wk of age, assessing the effect of genotype in untreated mice. A, B Observed OTUs (A) and Simpson index (B) reveal that the onset of amyloid formation in untreated Tg mice significantly increased bacterial evenness (α-diversity) at this age. C PCoA plots of weighted UniFrac distances indicate that genotype significantly altered β-diversity. D The relative abundance for 5 of the top 8 bacterial taxa was significantly altered in Tg mice with the onset of amyloid deposits. Statistical testing: Mann–Whitney (A, B), PERMANOVA (C, D), and Mann–Whitney U (E). n = 5–7 mice/group. *p < 0.05. Grey and white = untreated Tg and WT, respectively