Fig. 1

[¹⁸F]GE-180 TSPO-PET binding in predefined target regions. A Group levels of [¹⁸F]GE-180 TSPO-PET z-scores (cerebellum scaled standardized uptake value ratio, SUV_R) between sexes in AD patients and cognitively normal controls, presented as axial overlays upon a standard magnetic resonance imaging template. B TSPO-PET z-scores in the comparison of AD diagnosis group vs. cognitively normal males and females for frontal, temporal, parietal and posterior cingulate cortex/ precuneus (PCC²). Anatomic regions are shown upon an axial MRI atlas. C TSPO-PET z-scores in the comparison of AD diagnosis group vs. cognitively normal males and females for Braak-stage I–VI regions. Anatomic regions are shown upon an axial MRI atlas. D Axial images show group levels of [¹⁸F]flutemetamol Aβ-PET (cerebellum scaled standardized uptake value ratio, SUV_R) in AD and cognitively normal controls in comparison between sexes, projected upon a standard MRI anatomic template. AD female n = 29, AD male n = 20, CN female n = 8, CN male n = 7