Table 1 Demographics, clinical cognitive assessment scores, clinical presentation, Aβ-positivity, CSF levels and single nucleotide polymorphism of the TSPO gene at the group level

n

49

29

20

15

8

7

Age

71.1 ± 7.5

(68.9–73.3)

69.6 ± 8.2 (66.4–72.7)

73.4 ± 5.8

(70.6–76.2)

70.7 ± 7.5

(66.9–74.6)

68.9 ± 8.0

(61.8–76.0)

72.8 ± 4.0

(68.8–76.7)

BMI

24.8 ± 4.1

(23.6–26.0)

24.5 ± 4.7 (22.7–26.3)

25.2 ± 2.9

(23.8–26.6)

25.0 ± 3.5

(23.0–27.0)

23.6 ± 3.4

(20.6–26.6)

26.6 ± 3.0

(23.6–29.6)

MMSE

24.2 ± 5.2

(22.7–25.6)

24.4 ± 4.2 (22.7–25.9)

23.9 ± 6.2

(20.9–26.9)

29.1 ± 1.0

(28.6–29.7)

29.0 ± 1.0

(28.1–29.9)

29.3 ± 0.9

(28.4–30.2)

CERAD

4.5 ± 2.9

(3.6–5.5)

5.0 ± 2.9

(3.7–6.4)

3.9 ± 2.9

(2.3–5.5)

0.4 ± 0.6

(0.1–0.8)

0.6 ± 0.7

(0.0–1.3)

0.1 ± 0.3

(− 0.2–0.5)

CDR (sob)

3.2 ± 2.3

(2.6–3.9)

3.4 ± 2.3

(2.6–4.3)

2.9 ± 2.3

(1.8–4.0)

0.1 ± 0.2

(0.0–0.2)

0.1 ± 0.2

(− 0.1–0.2)

0.1 ± 0.2

(− 0.1–0.4)

SCD/ MCI/ ADD/ atyp

7 / 12 / 18 / 12

3 / 6 / 12 / 8

4 / 6 / 6 / 4

15 / 0 / 0 / 0

8 / 0 / 0 / 0

7 / 0 / 0 / 0

Aβ-PET positivity (%)

100%

100%

100%

0%

0%

0%

CSF Aβ₄₂ (pg/ml)

528 ± 188

(465–592)

595 ± 176 (515–674)

431 ± 161

(338–523)

1008 ± 641

(605–1411)

1243 ± 642

(505–1981)

807 ± 567

(241–1373)

CSF Aβ₄₀ (pg/ml)

13,506 ± 5767

(11,557–15,456)

14,985 ± 4904

(12,759–17,210)

11,338 ± 6234

(7764–14,912)

13,748 ± 6925

(9392–18,103)

16,272 ± 5240

(10,248–22,295)

11,584 ± 

7442

(4149–19,018)

CSF Aβ_42/40 ratio

4.2 ± 1.2

(3.8–4.6)

4.1 ± 1.1

(3.6–4.6)

4.2 ± 1.4

(3.4–5.0)

7.0 ± 1.6

(6.0–8.0)

7.3 ± 1.3

(5.7–8.8)

6.8 ± 1.8

(5.0–8.5)

CSF t-Tau (pg/ml)

528 ± 536

(350–707)

535 ± 197 (447–622)

519 ± 817

(51–987)

299 ± 143

(204–394)

313 ± 179

(108–518)

285 ± 92

(179–391)

CSF p-Tau (pg/ml)

85 ± 42

(71–99)

89 ± 24

(78–100)

79 ± 60

(43–114)

56 ± 16

(45–67)

56 ± 18

(36–76)

56 ± 15

(39–72)

CSF Tau/Aβ index

1336 ± 632

(1120–1553)

1276 ± 283

(1144–1407)

1422 ± 913

(898–1945)

595 ± 303

(311–879)

497 ± 139

(80–914)

693 ± 

382

(160–1227)

rs6971 SNP

HAB: 22 / MAB: 27

HAB: 11 / MAB: 18

HAB: 11 / MAB: 9

HAB: 3 / MAB: 12

HAB: 1 / MAB: 7

HAB: 2 / MAB: 5

Time between Aβ- and TSPO-PET (m)

2.0 ± 3.9

(0.8–3.1)

2.3 ± 4.8

(0.5–4.2)

1.5 ± 1.8

(0.6–2.3)

0.1 ± 0.3

(− 0.1–0.2)

0.2 ± 0.2

(0.1–0.3)

0.1 ± 0.4

(− 0.2–0.5)