Fig. 1

CCI-injured mice pre-treated with Cl-LPM show reduced lesion volume, maintained BBB integrity, and restored cortical blood perfusion. A Lesion volume at 1- and 3-dpi alongside representative Nissl images at 1dpi. B Evans blue absorbance (610 nm) analysis in the cortex at 1dpi. C Representative images for ipsilateral cortex of control and CL-LPM-treated mice stained with mouse anti-IgG (green) at 1dpi. D Representative gross images of baseline brain-meningeal surface after craniectomy and laser speckle contrast imaging. Scale bar = 1 mm. E Quantification of perfusion units (percent of baseline) following CCI injury. (n = 5–8 per group). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc. Scale bar in A and C = 500 µm. F Lesion volume of control LPM or Cl-LPM treated mice, reconstituted with GFP⁺ BMMs or BMDMs at 1 dpi. G Representative Nissl-stained coronal sections. H Confocal image analysis showing GFP⁺ cells located in the damaged ipsilateral cortex, confirming co-labeling with monocyte-specific marker Ccr2 (H1–H3) or CD45 (H4–H6) Scale bar = 100um. I, J Relative mRNA expression in BMDMs vs. BMMs. n = 5–10 mice/group. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc (B, F); t-test (A, I, J); 2-way ANOVA repeated measures (E)