Fig. 1
aSYN fibrils derived from PD patients hold more potent inflammatory properties than de novo-generated counterparts. A Representative images of CD11b immunostaining (grey) and Hoechst nuclear staining (blue) showing the morphological changes in microglial cells following inflammatory stimulation by the prototypal inflammogen LPS (10 ng/mL), de novo assembled human αSYN fibrils (3 µM; FS) and fibrils derived from PD patients (3 µM; FPD) compared to nonstimulated cells (NCS). Note that inflammatory stimulation results in cellular flattening and shortening of cell processes under all three inflammatory conditions. Scale bar: 50 µm. B Dose–response analysis of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10 and glutamate release by microglial cells exposed or not (NSC) to increasing concentrations (from 0.01 to 3 µM) of αSYN fibrils derived from PD patients (FPD). The data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 vs. NSC (Tukey’s test). C Quantification of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10 and glutamate release by microglial cells exposed or not (NSC) to similar concentrations of FS, FPD or FDLB (3 µM). The data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. FS or FPD (Tukey’s test)