Fig. 5

M8I treatment reduces glial cell activation in ouabain-injected mice. A The activation of astrocytes and microglia was assessed using immunofluorescence. Brain sections were collected from three groups of mice and subjected to immunofluorescence staining using GFAP (astrocyte marker, green) and Iba1 (microglia marker, red). The quantitative analysis of astrocyte populations in B the cortex, C the CA1 region, and D DG revealed an increase in the CA1 region in ouabain-injected mice, while M8I treatment reduced the astrocyte population. Similarly, the quantitative analysis of Iba1 intensity is depicted in E the cortex, F the CA1 region, and G the DG. M8I treatment, furthermore, resulted in a reduction of the Iba1 intensity, specifically in the CA1 region. Cell numbers and intensities were quantified by the QuPath software Cell Detection function. Quantitative data is presented as means ± SEM; N = 4; analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001