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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome

Fig. 2

The complexity of TLR signalling and different types of inflammation, apoptosis and antiviral responses. Depending on the receptor activated, TLR stimulation leads to two parallel outcomes: cytokine and chemokine release (via MyD88, orange) or interferon responses (via TRAF, TRIF, IRF, green). Inflammasome activation can occur by directly stimulating NLRP3 (not shown) or NF-κB. TLRs can be either monomers or dimers that have co-receptors (CD14 for TLR4) or adaptor protein MAL for TLR2, TLR4, TLR7/8 and TLR9, or TRAM for endocytosed TLR4. The pathway has been adapted from [52] and simplified not to include the full extent of intracellular signalling proteins

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094