Table 3 Summary of Key Studies Highlighting the Role of Myeloid Cells in Ischemic Retinopathies
From: Role of myeloid cells in ischemic retinopathies: recent advances and unanswered questions
Study | Model | Species | Outcomes and measures |
|---|---|---|---|
Acute ischemic retinopathy | |||
 Wagner et al. (2021) [99] | IR | Rat | Microglial activation enhances pro-inflammatory cytokines accompanied by TLR signaling 2 h post-IR (p = 0.028) |
 Abcouwer et al. (2021) [75] | IR | Mouse | Myeloid leukocyte accumulation 14 days post-IR (p ≤ 0.001) |
 Tang et al. (2020) [82] | IR | Mouse | Elevated Iba1+ cells numbers in retina 1-day post-IR (p < 0.001) |
 Fouda et al. (2018) [46] | IR | Mouse | Myeloid arginase 1 deletion exacerbates loss of retinal neurons (p < 0.05) and thinning of the retina at 7 days post-IR (p < 0.05) |
 Ahmed et al. (2017) [73] | IR | Mouse | Increased number of IBA1+ cells/mm in GCL at 1-day post-IR (p ≤ 0.0001) |
 Sanchez et al. (2003) [108] | IR | Rat | Increased expression of IL-6 by microglia/macrophages at 2 h post-IR (p < 0.05) |
Diabetic retinopathy | |||
 Huang et al. (2023) [118] | SIDR | Mouse | Retinal microglia necroptosis promotes neuroinflammation in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy |
 Park et al. (2021) [116] | SIDR | Rat | Increased Iba1+ retinal microglia density in diabetic mice compared to control mice (p < 0.05) |
 Atawia et al. (2020) [115] | WDIDR | Mouse | Arginase 2 (A2) deletion inhibits retinal microglia activation (p < 0.05) |
 Mendiola et al. (2016) [124] | Ins2Akita | Mouse | Recombinant fractalkine reduces perivascular microglial clustering (p < 0.01) |
 Cardona et al. (2015) [123] | Ins2Akita | Mouse | Retinal microglia increase in diabetic mice (p < 0.05) |
 Rangasamy et al. (2014) [121] | SIDR | Rat | CCL2 activates retinal microglia and attenuates vascular leakage and infiltration of monocytes |
 Krady et al. (2005) [117] | SIDR | Rat | Microglia activate in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy |
Pathological retinal angiogenesis | |||
 Liu et al. (2022) [156] | OIR | Mouse | Localization of microglia near pathological neovascular tufts (p < 0.001) |
 Liu et al. (2022) [138] | OIR | Mouse | Macrophage depletion by clodronate increases neovascularization on P12 (p < 0.05) |
 Zhou et al. (2022) [135] | OIR | Mouse | Microglial depletion suppresses pathological neovascularization (p < 0.05) |
 He et al. (2021) [119] | OIR | Mouse | Microglia necroptosis largely ablates retinal angiogenesis |
 Liu et al. (2020) [142] | OIR | Mouse | Arginase-1 transcript is elevated in microglia/macrophages (p < 0.001) |
 Villacampa et al. (2020) [144] | OIR | Mouse | Depletion of myeloid-cell specific Vhl stabilizes HIFs and stimulates retinal revascularization (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) |
 Zhu et al. (2017) [133] | OIR | Mouse | M2 macrophage polarization genes are upregulated on P13-P24 (p < 0.05) |
 Gao et al. (2016) [136] | OIR | Mouse | Macrophage depletion by clodronate reduces percentage of neovascular area (p < 0.01) |
 Zhou et al. (2015) [134] | OIR | Mouse | Bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages increase pathological neovascularization (p < 0.01) |
 Dejda et al. (2014) [146] | OIR | Mouse | NRP-1+ myeloid cells are recruited to neovascularization sites in the retina |
 Zhou et al. (2015) [134] | OIR | Mouse | Bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages increase pathological neovascularization (p < 0.01) |
 Kataoka et al. (2011) [137] | OIR | Mouse | Depletion of native vitreal macrophages reduces neovascularization (p < 0.01) |
Human ischemic retinopathy | |||
 Ong et al. (2021) [149] | DR | Human | Increased density of macrophage-like cells in PDR compared to healthy patients (p < 0.05) |
 Zeng et al. (2008) [150] | DR | Human | Microglial cells were observed to cluster around veins in the GCL, microaneurysms, and retinal and vitreal neovascularization |