Table 1 Characteristics of brain-resident microglia and BAMs

Microglia

Embryonic

yolk sac

Self-renewal

Homeostasis: ramified;

Inflammation: amoeboid;

Brain injury:

bipolar rod

Cell bodies: stationary; Processes: actively mobile

SIGLEC-H, SALL1, TMEM119, P2RY12

Tmem119, Siglech, Slc2a5, P2ry12, Sparc, Fcrls, Olfml3, Sall1, Hexb, Trem2

[33, 34, 50, 53, 81,82,83, 91, 96,97,98,99, 106]

BAMs

sdΜΦ

Yolk sac; fetal liver;

Self-renewal

Homeostasis: elongated; Inflammation: extended protrusions

Cell bodies: partial motility; Processes: highly dynamic

CD206, CD38, CD169, CD163, CD36, LYVE1

Lyve1, P2rx7, Ccr1, Egfl7

Mrc1, Cd163, Cd169, Cd36, Apoe, Ms4a7, Ms4a6c, Stab1, Lyz2, Pf4, Cbr2, Tgfbi

[45, 48,49,50, 52, 84, 85, 91]

dmΜΦ

Yolk sac; fetal liver

Self-renewal; skull and vertebral bone marrow

Homeostasis: pleomorphic, bipolar with many dendrites;

PVMs

Yolk sac; fetal liver

Self-renewal

Homeostasis: elongated; Inflammation: extended dendritic processes

Cell bodies: stationary; Processes: constantly extending and retracting their protrusions

Mrc1, Cd163, Lyz2, Pf4, Lyve1

[46,47,48, 50, 88, 89, 91, 104, 106, 110]

cpΜΦ

Yolk sac; fetal liver

Self-renewal; blood monocyte

Embryonic: amoeboid with small processes; Adult: cpΜΦ, stellate with long, thin processes; cp^epiΜΦ, an amoeboid shape

Cell bodies: non-motile; Processes: highly dynamic

Ccnd2, Ttr, Lilra5

[48,49,50,51, 85,86,87, 90, 91, 105]

cp^epiΜΦ

Yolk sac; fetal liver

Self-renewal

Cell bodies: high motility; Processes: highly dynamic

Significantly similar to microglia