Fig. 8

Glial polarization and activation in the nigrostriatal pathway of control and Hif-1α cKO mice at 7 days after MPTP administration. A The summary heatmap of RT-qPCR results illustrating pro- or anti-inflammatory molecules and immune response genes in the striatum of mice at 7 days after NS or MPTP injection. n = 3–5/group. B, C Assessments of microglial activation in the nigrostriatal pathway of mice. Immunofluorescence staining of IBA1 (green) and CD16/32 (red) in the striatum (B) and TH (magenta), IBA1 (green) and CD16/32 (red) in the substantia nigra (C) at 7 days after NS or MPTP administration. Scale bar, 100 µm. Small plots in the upper left quadrant showed the zoomed details. Scale bar, 20 µm. D, E Quantification of the number of IBA1⁺ and IBA1⁺ CD16/32⁺ cells (left panel) and the percentage of CD16/32⁺ cells of total IBA1⁺ cells (right panel) in the dorsal striatum and SNpc of mice. n = 3–4/group. F, G Assessments of astrocyte activation in the nigrostriatal pathway of mice. Immunofluorescence staining of GFAP (green) and C3 (red) in the striatum (F) and TH (magenta), GFAP (green) and C3 (red) in the substantia nigra (G) at 7 days after NS or MPTP administration. Scale bar, 100 μm. Small plots in the upper left quadrant showed the zoomed details. Scale bar, 20 µm. H, I Quantification of the number of GFAP⁺ and GFAP⁺ C3⁺ cells (left panel) and the percentage of C3⁺ cells of total GFAP⁺ cells (right panel) in the dorsal striatum and SNpc of mice. n = 3–4/group. Differences were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by LSD multiple comparison tests. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs normal saline (NS) control. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs Cre-negative control